• GPR is a member of the G protein coupled receptor

  2022-04-02

  

  GPR119 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and intestinal endocrine cells. It has been proposed that GPR119 agonists modulate glucose homeostasis by indirectly stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release through enhancing pancreatic c

• PTMs have been shown to influence transporter kinetics both

  2022-04-01

  

  PTMs have been shown to influence transporter kinetics, both directly and indirectly (Xu & You, 2017). They do not just regulate the innate structure-function relationship driven by a transporter's global architecture, but rather are also able to regulate this relationship down to the resolution of

• With taurine or other molecules that might be

  2022-04-01

  

  With taurine, or other molecules that might be transported by Eaat2, an important area of research will be how such a chemical regulates sleep. Indeed, taurine has been described to act on the nervous system in disparate ways — it can act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but also has a well-charac

• br The concept of the axo myelin synapse Axons can

  2022-04-01

  

  The concept of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ Axons can release glutamate in a Ca+-dependent and independent manner (reviewed in [13,69]). Glutamate released from axons activates GluRs located in myelin, a feature that gave rise to the idea of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ by analogy with classical synaptic

• A number of anti diabetic drugs

  2022-04-01

  

  A number of anti-diabetic drugs are available that inhibit α-glucosidase activity, including acarbose, voglibose and miglitol [6,7]. These inhibitors, however, also exhibit undesirable side effects, such as adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and liver toxicity [8,9]. For diabetics, it would therefore

• C steroids and their glycosylation products distribute widel

  2022-04-01

  

  C21 steroids and their glycosylation products distribute widely in Asclepiadaceae plants. Their anticancer activities have been shown in different human cell lines and in vivo animal experiments [[27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]]. However, the mechanisms of their anticancer activities are still un

• Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions

  2022-04-01

  

  Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from different groups regarding studies in ghrelin−/− and ghsr−/− mice are likely explained by the mixed background of the mutant mice used in the different studies [35]; although in the case of mice exposed to HFD, exposure to a HFD immediately

• apexbio dilution br FXR expression in normal intestine and

  2022-04-01

  

  FXR apexbio dilution in normal intestine and cancer Of note, there are several question marks about FXR post-translational modifications (such as acetylation or SUMOylation) and their involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory disease (Balasubramaniyan et al., 2013, Kemper et a

• Recent research has focused on identifying key

  2022-04-01

  

  Recent research has focused on identifying key agonists and receptors mediating nutrient-induced GLP-1 and insulin secretion. The long-chain fatty ar 165 1 receptor GPR40 is the most abundant GPCR expressed in islet β cells and is also expressed on intestinal L-cells, where it contributes to GLP-1

• (R)-(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt Channeling of SFA away from gen

  2022-04-01

  

  Channeling of SFA away from generation of toxic lipid metabolites such as ceramide, towards inert TG accumulation in response to cosupplementation with increased levels of MUFAs has previously been shown in many cell types including the pancreatic β-cells [37]. Our studies indicate that similar mech

• br The signal of ferroptosis

  2022-04-01

  

  The signal of ferroptosis ROS generated by extracellular or intracellular stimuli play a fundamental role in cell and tissue injury in a variety of disease states [47]. Ferroptosis is generally considered as a type of ROS-dependent regulated necrosis [48]. Intracellular iron accumulation and lipi

• br Conclusions Symptoms from bilateral

  2022-04-01

  

  Conclusions Symptoms from bilateral thalamic edema caused by increased venous hypertension can be reversed with appropriate management of the inciting vascular lesion. This case demonstrates a rare patient with decreased CBF in the thalamus in SPECT and completely recovered after factor Xa inhibi

• It is well known that TLR

  2022-04-01

  

  It is well known that TLR4-induced inflammation is associated with behavioural alterations including fever, hypolocomotion, altered appetite, anxiety and anhedonia (Dantzer, 2006, Dantzer et al., 2008). The current data demonstrate that while PF3845 potently attenuates TLR4-induced cytokines in the

• CNQX australia The mechanistic basis of a PAE induced reduct

  2022-03-31

  

  The mechanistic basis of a PAE-induced reduction in HDC isoform expression is unclear at present. These reductions may be a consequence of reduced histaminergic innervation of PAE-affected brain regions. Given that these three brain regions are anatomically more distant from the ventral hypothalamus

• In various models histamine has

  2022-03-31

  

  In various models, histamine has been shown to induce chemotaxis. This was first appreciated over 40 years’ ago in studies with eosinophils (Clark et al., 1977). At that time, only histamine H1 and histamine H2 receptors were recognized and studies with ligands to these receptors indicated that neit

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