• In addition to vertebrate species GnRH has been identified i

  2022-06-08

  

  In addition to vertebrate species, GnRH has been identified in invertebrates, such as in the Protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Powell et al., 1996; Adams et al., 2003), the decapods mollusk Octopus vulgaris (Iwakoshi et al., 2002), the gastropod mollusk, the sea hare Aplysia californica (Zhang et al

• Due to the high structural similarity

  2022-06-08

  

  Due to the high structural similarity between GlxI and FosA, it is possible that GlxI directed evolution experiments could produce FosA enzymatic activity in a GlxI enzyme. Although the current investigation was unable to detect FosA activity by mutation of a key metal liganding residue in the activ

• To further implicate the role of EAAT in morphine induced

  2022-06-08

  

  To further implicate the role of EAAT3 in morphine-induced place preference, the effects of morphine on EAAT3 Carmustine was determined. Interestingly, morphine increased EAAT3 protein expression in the plasma membrane of mPFC, nucleus accumbens and VTA but not in the hippocampus of wild-type mice

• br Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a

  2022-06-08

  

  Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a key metabolite, and it is critical that mammalian cells regulate glucose levels properly to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis. The major transporters responsible for the uptake of glucose from systemic circulation into cells are the GLUTs, members

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by a

  2022-06-08

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant CIHR-NSFC China-Canada Joint Health Research from the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 81061120525) and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (Grant number CCI-109605). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful

• Deregulation of HH signaling pathway in epidermal keratinocy

  2022-06-08

  

  Deregulation of HH signaling pathway in epidermal keratinocytes is a primary event leading to the formation of BCC (see above). Overexpression of SHH in HaCaT keratinocytes grown in organotypic cultures induces a basal cell phenotype and increases invasiveness. This behavior is linked to increased E

• Moreover after the initial bleaching of the

  2022-06-08

  

  Moreover, after the initial bleaching of the fluorescent molecules in the targeted cell exposed to laser illumination, the neighboring reservoir Cy5 NHS ester(Et) are expected to give in return new fluorescent ones if the cells are coupled together by gap junction channels. This supposes that the l

• 4-ethylphenyl sulfate br Materials Aspergillus oryzae GS U m

  2022-06-07

  

  Materials Aspergillus oryzae βGS (8.4 U mg−1 solid) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (USA). o-Nitrophenyl β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG), sodium carbonate, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, calcium chloride and potassium chloride were procured from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL), M

• br Results br Discussion The inflammasome consists of the

  2022-06-07

  

  Results Discussion The inflammasome consists of the sensor molecule nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), the adaptor protein ASC, and the RSL3 molecule CASP1 (Guo et al., 2015). Among the different types of inflammasome, the NLRP3 inflammasome requires a priming step

• It has been reported that aberrant

  2022-06-07

  

  It has been reported that aberrant GPR120 expressions were detected in colorectal carcinomas, compared with normal tissues. In addition, GPR120 stimulated cell motile activity and angiogenic property in colon cancer cells [10]. Recently, we indicated that GPR40 suppressed cell motile and invasive ac

• In summary PPARG and FFAR

  2022-06-07

  

  In summary, PPARG and FFAR1 are connected in several ways, and the presented interaction is mechanistically reasonable. Additional investigations are required to elucidate the exact details of the underlying physiology. However, our findings are of immanent importance for the treatment of type 2 dia

• Main Text FFAR GPR is a long chain fatty acid

  2022-06-07

  

  Main Text FFAR1 (GPR40) is a long-chain fatty Adenosine (LCFA) receptor highly expressed and enriched in enteroendocrine cells, where it senses LCFAs generated from dietary triglycerides, and in pancreatic islet cells, where it acts as a powerful stimulator of insulin secretion. However, the physi

• The improved glucose tolerance of Ffar R W R W

  2022-06-07

  

  The improved glucose tolerance of Ffar1R258W/R258W mice on HFD was unexpected. In combination with similar fasting blood glucose levels, the significant lower fasting plasma insulin of mutant mice compared to wild-type mice is indicative of improved insulin sensitivity. However, peripheral insulin r

• Macroautophagy hereafter referred to as

  2022-06-07

  

  Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) depends on an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation system that maintains cellular metabolism and homeostasis [11]. Genes involved in these processes are termed autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagosome formation and compl

• br Conflict of interests br Acknowledgements This work

  2022-06-07

  

  Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants HD058577 and ES01678 to Kirill Kiselyov. We thank Sreeram Ravi for technical support. We also thank Mike Myers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Flow Cytometry Facility.

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