• IC is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula

  2021-11-30

  

  IC2 is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula [127,128]. Although this mAb was discovered 30 years ago, it has only recently been used for β-cell imaging in vivo. Moore et al. used this mAb for β-cell imaging in 2001 [129]. After DTPA conjugation, IC2 was labeled with 111In. Both in vitro

• GPR co localizes with ghrelin in

  2021-11-29

  

  GPR120 co-localizes with ghrelin in the duodenum [17], α-gustducin in the small intestine and type II taste bud cells 18, 19, neuropeptide Y centrally in the arcuate nucleus [20] and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in the colon and circumvallate papillae taste bud cells 6, 21, 22. Interestingly GPR1

• Introduction l Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmit

  2021-11-29

  

  Introduction l-Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that contributes not only to fast synaptic neurotransmission, but also to complex physiological processes like memory, learning, plasticity, and neuronal cell death [30], [81]. Glutamate is

• In the latent inhibition model a conditioned

  2021-11-29

  

  In the latent inhibition model, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is pre-exposed alone without any consequences (i.e., unconditioned stimulus [US]) in the pre-exposure phase. The CS is then associated with a US to form a CS-US association. The strength of the CS-induced response in the pre-exposure group

• Taurine Although both receptors mGluR and mGluR

  2021-11-29

  

  Although both receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, are present in cortical and hippocampal areas from 1 to 2 weeks old neonates (López-Bendito et al., 2002) we have found that only mGluR1 was regulated after maternal l-Glu consumption. A possible explanation could be based on the different ontogenetic prof

• Although it is mainly a glial protein of total

  2021-11-29

  

  Although it is mainly a glial protein, 5–10% of total GLT-1 represents a neuronal form located at presynaptic terminals, but its physiological role remains elusive (for discussion, see (Rimmele and Rosenberg, 2016)). Nevertheless, this amount might be significant since GLT-1 has been estimated to be

• Historically a role for the prefrontal cortex in spatial

  2021-11-29

  

  Historically, a role for the prefrontal cortex in spatial working memory has been repeatedly claimed (for review, see Kolb, 1984). Older studies using traditional, non-fibre-sparing lesions (e.g. aspiration lesions) often resulted in spatial alternation deficits. In contrast, more recent studies emp

• Similarly both neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization

  2021-11-29

  

  Similarly, both neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization likely occurred for the duplicated proglucagon genes. The change in function of GLP-1 would be a neofunctionalization, however in this case it acquired a redundant function – a function that largely overlaps with glucagon effects in the l

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by

  2021-11-29

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a fellowship to C.H. under the ‘100 Foreign Expert’ scheme of the Shanxi province government(R100456). Conflict of interest: Dr. Holscher is a named inventor on a patent submitted by Lancaster University on the use of dual GLP-1/GIP analogues in neurode

• Among sensitizers tested in the previous study six test chem

  2021-11-29

  

  Among 22 sensitizers tested in the previous study, six test chemicals were pre- or pro-haptens (Nepal et al., 2018a). Among 6 chemicals, hydroquinone and 2-aminophenol, strong sensitizers, were falsely classified as non-sensitizers due to the lack of metabolic activation (Nepal et al., 2018a). Liter

• Two types of processes intrinsic and

  2021-11-29

  

  Two types of processes, intrinsic and extrinsic, contribute synergistically to the age-related change on structural integrity and physiological function of the skin (Farage, Miller, Elsner, & Maibach, 2008). Intrinsic aging arise from genetically programmed cell aging, normal metabolic activities, a

• br Acknowledgments This research was supported

  2021-11-29

  

  Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants GM58442 and GM084152, as well as the National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Training Grant 5T32GM008700-13. We thank Eric Oldfield (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) for providing the FDPS inhibitor

• Vidofludimus Loss of EZH function as a

  2021-11-29

  

  Loss of EZH2 function as a consequence of nonsense or frameshift mutations has also been detected in a cohort study conducted by Jankowska et al. in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients, as an early event in cancer development [43]. Although, a recent study in Japan described increased le

• Our observation that glioblastoma tumor cells express

  2021-11-29

  

  Our observation that glioblastoma tumor cells express ETA-R in 6/10 cases contrasts with a recent publication reporting ETB-R expression in these tumors [17]. The reason for the discrepancy between that report and the present study might be due to the fact that glioblastomas with oligodendroglial co

• In the previous study concerning HO mediated

  2021-11-29

  

  In the previous study concerning HO-1-mediated inhibtion of HCV replication, the mechanism underlying IFN-α/β indcuction by HO-1 involved in HO-1-catalyzed heme metabolic product, biliverdin (Zhu et al., 2010; Lehmann et al., 2010). However, in the present study SnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1 enzymatic

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