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Ligand binding RTK activation induces
2021-04-12

Ligand binding (RTK activation) induces the endocytic internalization of RTKs, and this has been demonstrated for CSF-1R [15], [16], [17]. Endocytosed RTKs are targeted to the lysosome, which we and others have established to be dependent on ubiquitination via CBL-family and recognition by ESCRT com
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br Methods Adult male B
2021-04-12

Methods Adult male B6, 129 CRHtklee mice (25–30g at the beginning of the experiments) that were wild-type (CRF1R+/+) and recessive homozygous or knockout (CRF1R−/−) were housed six per cage. Mice were 3–5months old and derived from mating CRF1R+/− breeders (Jackson Laboratory, California). Wild-t
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br Conclusion br Introduction The morphological variability
2021-04-12

Conclusion Introduction The morphological variability of aquatic plants is well documented, and in some cases has seriously constrained taxonomic resolution (Sculthorpe, 1967, Santamaría, 2002). Many of these variations are caused by the extensive phenotypic plasticity of aquatic plants, but t
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It would be very useful if unphosphorylated CK
2021-04-12

It would be very useful if unphosphorylated CK1s could be prepared using an E. coli expression system without the troublesome in vitro phosphatase treatment. So far, it has been shown that coexpressed λPPase, a Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase that can dephosphorylate phospho-Ser/Thr/Tyr [20,21],
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cl pdx br Introduction Phosphorus P is an important nutrient
2021-04-12

Introduction Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for plant growth; however, in many regions of the world soils are low in plant-available P (Holford, 1997). Therefore, P fertilisers play an important role in agriculture. Most P fertilisers in current use are derived from phosphate rock; howev
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Functional studies revealed that these ESR mutations
2021-04-10

Functional studies revealed that these ESR1 mutations lead to constitutive activity of the ER, meaning that the receptor is active in absence of estrogen, conferring resistance against several endocrine agents. Recent studies reported that the occurrence of ESR1 mutations is rare in ER+ primary brea
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br Introduction Fibroblast growth factors FGF are
2021-04-10

Introduction Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of 18 secreted ligands that bind to four receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) FGF receptors (FGFR1–4). The interaction of FGFs with their cognate receptors results in the activation of a number of downstream signaling pathways, including the MAP
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On the opposite side sPLA X has also been implicated
2021-04-10

On the opposite side, sPLA2-X has also been implicated in the pathology of cancer [167,168]. Human sPLA2-X induces lipid droplet formation in Ras-driven MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer orexin receptor and promotes their survival during nutrient stress. It acts through the products of its e
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Our results demonstrated that ET a Wnt ligand
2021-04-10

Our results demonstrated that ET-1, a Wnt ligand, stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. First, ET-1/ETRA binds to Frizzled family cell-surface receptors, resulting in the activation of Dvl1, a Dishevelled (DSH) family protein. Next, activated DSH inhibits the Axin, GSK-3β, and APC protein
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br Results br Discussion Analysis of EBI
2021-04-10

Results Discussion Analysis of EBI2 expression showed that EBI2 is highly expressed in central memory CD8+ T cells that is in line with previous data from human T cells in which these dexamethasone acetate express higher levels of EBI2 than naive or effector memory CD8+ T cells (Hannedouche e
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex PDHc catalyzes th
2021-04-10

Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, and subsequently acetylates coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA during the tricarboxylic INCB028050 australia metabolic pathway using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors. PDHc poses a key
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Increased levels of PCNA monoubiquitination by
2021-04-10

Increased levels of PCNA monoubiquitination by UbL73P expression in a damage-independent manner mimics the phenotype observed for USP1 knockdown (Huang et al., 2006, Jones et al., 2012). USP1 is the only DUB to date shown to remove ubiquitin from PCNA in vivo. This finding reveals the highly dynamic
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DAPK is a kD Ca calmodulin CaM regulated
2021-04-10

DAPK is a 160-kD Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ser/Thr kinase that mediates cell death. The activated forms of DAPK and DRP-1 are capable of inducing two distinct cytoplasmic events characteristic of programmed cell death, including membrane blebbing and the formation of autophagic vesicles (Inba
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The first transcription factor TF known to interact with one
2021-04-10

The first transcription factor (TF) known to interact with one of the cis-acting GAREs is GAMYB protein, the expression of which is induced by GA in the aleurone CCT007093 receptor of barley (HvGAMYB) (Gubler and Jacobsen, 1992). GAMYB is an important regulator of endosperm functions during seed de
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Other karyopherins besides CRM must bind
2021-04-10

Other karyopherins besides CRM1 must bind to FG-Nups in a similar fashion. However, at an atomic resolution, only the interaction of importin β with isolated FG motifs has been analyzed (Bayliss et al., 2000, Bayliss et al., 2002, Liu and Stewart, 2005). Despite similarities in the FG-binding pocket
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